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6/24/2026
The Bosman Effect, in one open dataset: how World Cup squads went global (1990 to 2026)

The Bosman Effect, in one open dataset: how World Cup squads went global (1990 to 2026)

Short summary

A 1995 European court ruling (Bosman) that freed workers to move across EU borders triggered a structural shift in football labor markets: foreign-based World Cup players surged from 26% (1990) to 72% (2026). The author provides a public dataset and Python code for reproducibility.

  • •Bosman ruling abolished EU player restrictions and enabled free transfers at contract end
  • •Foreign-based World Cup players rose from 26% in 1990 to 72% in 2026
  • •Strong domestic leagues (England, Germany) retain talent; weaker leagues export players

Generated with AI, which can make mistakes.

#open-source#regulation-policy#market-trend
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