arXiv cs.CL
7/2/2026

ALEE: Any-Language Evaluation of Embeddings via English-Centric Minimal Pairs
Short summary
ALEE extends embedding evaluation across 275+ languages using Abstract Meaning Representations to generate English minimal pairs paired with translations. Testing reveals substantial performance variations correlated with language prevalence in training data and tokenization differences. The open-source framework enables targeted diagnostics for embedding models in any language.
- •New evaluation framework for text embeddings across 275+ languages using AMR-generated minimal pairs
- •Study exposes persistent gaps in cross-lingual semantic representation tied to training data prevalence
- •Open-source tool available for testing embedding model performance in any language
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