PostgreSQL vs MongoDB vs Cassandra: Multi-Node and How to Choose

Short summary

PostgreSQL was designed for single machines; multi-node deployment requires external tools (Patroni, PgBouncer, Citus) and carries operational complexity. Network latency becomes the binding constraint at scale, dominating storage engine optimization. Write scaling requires Citus sharding with coordination overhead; read scaling is straightforward via streaming replication, choosing between asynchronous (fast, data-loss risk) and synchronous (safe, latency cost) modes.

• •PostgreSQL multi-node requires external tooling unlike purpose-built distributed databases
• •Network latency (milliseconds) dominates over storage engine optimization (microseconds) at scale
• •Write scaling via Citus sharding trades coordination complexity for horizontal throughput; read scaling is straightforward

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