Dev.to
7/2/2026

The original title is: "Advanced C# Generics: Contravariance, Custom Comparers and Real Abstractions"
Original: Advanced C# Generics: Contravariance, Custom Comparers and Real Abstractions
Short summary
Advanced C# guide to covariance and contravariance in generics, with complete working examples. Demonstrates safe variance patterns where types produce (out T) or consume (in T) values, then applies the pattern to a contravariant collection processor abstraction. For senior .NET developers building polymorphic generic systems.
- •Covariance safe only when type produces T; contravariance safe only when consuming T
- •Full code examples building EntityCollectionBase with concrete PostCollection, TagCollection, AuthorCollection
- •ICollectionProcessor interface demonstrates practical contravariant polymorphism across typed collections
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